What does Stoicism say about revenge?

Choosing virtue over vengeance

By Shawn Buckles

Facing the urge for revenge? Stoicism teaches self-control and rationality, guiding you away from vindictiveness towards a life of virtue and contentment. Focus inward, uphold your values, and cultivate resilience and compassion to truly heal and move forward.

Stoicism advises against revenge, viewing it as harmful to inner peace and rationality. Stoics advocate for forgiveness and understanding, emphasizing self-control and virtue over retaliation to avoid perpetuating harm.

The best revenge is to be unlike him who performed the injury.
While seeking revenge, dig two graves—one for yourself.
Men are disturbed, not by things, but by the view which they take of them.

Summary

  • Stoicism promotes the mastery of emotions to live virtuously, favoring self-control over revenge.
  • Personal growth in Stoicism involves letting go of anger and understanding the value of inner peace.
  • By focusing on virtue and one's own behavior, Stoicism guides individuals away from the cycle of retaliation.

Stoics mention revenge in the following books:

  • Meditations by Marcus Aurelius (c. 161-180 AD): Marcus Aurelius, reflecting on Stoic principles, emphasizes the futility of revenge and the importance of responding to others' wrongdoings with understanding and compassion, rather than with anger or retaliation. He advocates for seeing the ignorance in those who do us harm and choosing a higher path.

  • Letters from a Stoic by Seneca (c. 65 AD): Seneca explores the destructive nature of anger and the weakness inherent in seeking revenge. He argues that true strength lies in self-control and the ability to forgive, suggesting that the best revenge is to not become like those who cause harm.

  • Enchiridion by Epictetus (c. 135 AD): Epictetus advises individuals to focus on what is within their control and to maintain their composure and virtue, even in the face of wrongdoing by others. He suggests that seeking revenge is contrary to Stoic ethics, which prioritize inner peace and rationality.

  • Discourses by Epictetus (c. 108 AD): In a more detailed discussion than the Enchiridion, Epictetus elaborates on how to deal with insults, injuries, and injustices from others. He emphasizes the importance of responding to harm with virtue and understanding, rather than with vengeance.

The Basics of Stoicism

Stoicism is a philosophy that teaches you the art of living through the pursuit of wisdom and the expression of virtue. It's about aligning yourself with the natural order of the universe, and it encourages the practice of self-control.

Core Philosophical Principles

Stoicism teaches that the key to a good life is to live in harmony with nature and to understand that everything happens for a reason. The philosophical principles are built around the cardinal virtues of wisdom, courage, justice, and temperance. These virtues guide you to lead not only a moral life but also one that is contented and peaceful. Stoics believe that you have control over your mind but not over external events, and true happiness comes from accepting this.

Influence of Stoic Thinkers

Stoic philosophy has been shaped by thinkers like Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius. Their works highlight the importance of reason and logic in understanding the complexities of human nature and the universe. They teach that wisdom involves recognizing what is within your control and what isn't, and then responding with composure and integrity. Their insights continue to influence how we confront personal and societal challenges, emphasizing resilience and the strength of character.

Stoic Views on Emotions and Control

Stoicism teaches you to embrace emotions without allowing them to govern your actions. It’s about finding the strength to make reasoned choices, even in the heat of anger.

The Role of Anger in Stoicism

Anger in Stoicism is considered a destructive emotion if left unchecked. You are encouraged to acknowledge your anger but to respond with courage and strength, rather than let irrational impulses take the reins. The Stoics did not believe in suppressing emotions, but rather in understanding them to act rationally. To see this philosophy in practice, you can explore a modern take on framing Stoic beliefs regarding emotions like anger.

Harnessing Reason Over Passion

Stoicism extols the virtue of exercising reasoned choice over passion. Your ability to harness reason allows you to navigate life’s challenges with composure. It is through reasoned thought that you can prevent emotions from causing irrational or regrettable actions. By cultivating this mindset, you become more resilient and in control. Wisdom from notable Stoics such as Marcus Aurelius reinforces this, where one is urged to respond to anger with understanding and logic, not with reciprocal emotion.

Stoicism on Revenge and Justice

Stoicism, an ancient Greek philosophy, offers a distinct take on revenge and justice. It encourages you to seek harmony and personal growth rather than yielding to destructive desires.

Moral Implications of Seeking Revenge

You might feel that seeking revenge satisfies a natural urge to balance the scales when wronged. However, Stoic philosophy suggests that revenge could further propagate evil rather than resolve it. Stoics believe that your actions should align with virtue and morality, promoting social harmony and self-improvement. Seneca, one of the prominent Stoic thinkers, argues that retaliating with vengeance only multiplies the initial harm, leading to a chain of negative consequences.

Stoic Perspective on Retribution and Forgiveness

In contrast, Stoicism advocates for justice as a rational and constructive response. Justice, in the Stoic sense, aims to correct wrongdoings through fair and proportionate means, often associated with societal laws and ethical standards. Moreover, forgiveness plays a paramount role within Stoicism. A Stoic would advise you to respond to transgressions with understanding and empathy, fostering personal tranquility. By choosing forgiveness over seeking revenge, you are not condoning the wrong, but freeing yourself from the emotional turmoil that seeking retaliation entails.

Healing and Moving Forward the Stoic Way

In the Stoic philosophy, you're encouraged to consider personal growth and inner peace over seeking retribution. This guidance aligns with core Stoic values like wisdom and virtue, emphasizing understanding and healing as paths to true contentment.

Addressing the Intent to Avenge

When you feel wronged, it's natural to experience anger and to contemplate revenge. However, Stoicism teaches that to heal, you must turn away from these impulses. Stoic wisdom suggests that harboring desires for revenge ultimately causes more harm to yourself than to others. It's like holding a hot coal with the intent to throw it; you are the one who gets burned first.

Embracing Healing Instead of Harm

Stoics see healing and self-improvement as virtues. To embrace healing means to let go of the past and focus on what can be controlled: your thoughts and actions. This doesn't mean becoming indifferent to your experiences but rather finding understanding in them. By prioritizing personal growth and the development of virtue, you build resilience and equip yourself to better handle adversity in the future.

Influential Works and Philosophers

Stoicism offers timeless guidance on dealing with life's challenges, including the concept of revenge. The philosophical tradition boasts influential texts and thinkers who provide profound insights into the nature of retribution and the wisdom of rising above it.

Marcus Aurelius and 'Meditations'

You may find practical wisdom on revenge in Marcus Aurelius' 'Meditations'. This personal journal of the Roman Emperor reflects his Stoic beliefs, emphasizing self-improvement and resilience. One of his notable thoughts suggests that the best revenge is to be unlike him who performed the injury, highlighting the Stoic principle of maintaining personal virtue.

Seneca's Contributions and 'On Anger'

In contrast, Seneca—a renowned Stoic philosopher—explores the destructive nature of anger in 'On Anger'. He argues that it is more powerful to forgive and to stand firm in one's own principles despite others' actions. Seneca's philosophical works illuminate how Stoicism confronts emotional responses, steering you away from vengeful reactions.

Epictetus' Teachings on Stoic Response

Finally, Epictetus, a former slave turned teacher, offers a stoic model for responding to insults and aggression. He teaches that external events do not harm us; rather, it's our judgment of them that does. His guidance on a Stoic response to being insulted reinforces the idea of controlling your perceptions and actions, rather than seeking revenge.

Practical Applications of Stoicism Today

Stoicism provides a philosophical framework that you can use to improve your life and find equilibrium in the face of adversity. It emphasizes the development of self-control and fortitude as a means of overcoming destructive emotions.

Gaining Strength From Stoic Wisdom

Courage and strength are central tenets of Stoic philosophy. By embracing these values, you build resilience. Stoicism teaches that you gain strength not by seeking revenge, but by focusing on what's within your control. According to Stoic wisdom on retaliation, seeking understanding rather than retribution aligns with a more rational and fulfilling approach to life. This mindset helps you respond to challenges with dignity and poise, rather than being led by volatile emotions.

Utilizing Stoic Thought in Personal Growth

Stoicism can be a valuable tool for your personal growth and self-improvement. It advocates for a life in pursuit of virtue and happiness that is not swayed by the ephemeral pursuit of pleasure. By applying principles such as focusing only on what you can control, you can cultivate a sense of peace and improve your well-being. The principles of Stoicism, as discussed in Mastering Modern Life with Stoic Philosophy, are practical and can be integrated into your daily routine, enhancing your ability to meet life's challenges with equanimity.

Stoicism's Advice Against Hatred and Harm

Stoicism teaches that yielding to hatred and seeking harm for others can derail your tranquility and moral progress. Your actions should be guided by wisdom and rationality, not by fleeting emotions like anger and spite.

The Danger of Allowing Hatred to Drive Actions

When you let hatred influence your decisions, you risk causing more injuries—not just to others, but to your own character. Stoicism emphasizes that every action should be a reasoned choice. Hatred is toxic and blurs your judgment, leading you down a path that can be truly dangerous for everyone involved.

Preventing More Injuries Through Stoic Teachings

Stoic philosophy advises you to handle provocations with wisdom instead of hatred. When faced with hurtful actions, remember that adding harm to the situation only escalates the issue. By responding with composure and understanding, you prevent the cycle of retaliation and avoid causing more injuries. Stoicism isn't about passivity—it's about making the conscious choice to rise above the immediate impulse for revenge.

Conclusion

Stoicism teaches that revenge is contrary to human morality and rationality. It focuses on personal forgiveness and understanding the nature of others' actions. You gain wisdom by choosing how to respond to life's challenges.

  • Stoicism views revenge as a negative emotion that disrupts your peace.
  • Your energy is better spent on positive actions that align with virtuous living.
  • Remember, stoic teachings encourage you to understand and forgive rather than retaliate.

Stoicism suggests that seeking revenge does not align with living a virtuous and rational life. It advises you to consider the bigger picture and strive for personal betterment instead.

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