What does the Bible say about pharmakeia?

Transcending sorcery with faith

By Shawn Buckles

Curious about "pharmakeia" in the Bible? It's more than ancient drug use—it symbolizes seeking power outside of God's will. Galatians 5:20 mentions it as a sinful act, reflecting its deep moral and spiritual implications.

The Bible mentions "pharmakeia" in the New Testament, often translated as "sorcery" or "witchcraft." It refers to the use of drugs or spells with the intent to manipulate or harm, condemned in Galatians 5:19-21 and Revelation 9:21, 18:23 as acts contrary to Christian living.

The acts of the flesh are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity and debauchery; idolatry and witchcraft (pharmakeia); hatred, discord, jealousy, fits of rage, selfish ambition, dissensions, factions...
Galatians 5:19-20
The light of a lamp will never shine in you again. The voice of bridegroom and bride will never be heard in you again. Your merchants were the world’s important people. By your magic spell (pharmakeia) all the nations were led astray.
Revelation 18:23
But outside are dogs and sorcerers and sexually immoral and murderers and idolaters, and whoever loves and practices a lie.
Revelation 22:15

Summary

  • "Pharmakeia" is a Greek word found in the New Testament that is translated as "sorcery" or "witchcraft."
  • Biblical passages suggest a negative view of "pharmakeia," associating it with sinful and ungodly practices.
  • The Bible's use of "pharmakeia" reflects broader spiritual and moral concerns rather than simply addressing the use of drugs or medicine.

Bible mentions pharmakeia in the following books:

  • Pagan Christianity?: Exploring the Roots of Our Church Practices (2008): Frank Viola and George Barna delve into how some modern Christian practices have origins outside of biblical commands, touching upon themes of deviation from scriptural teachings similar to "pharmakeia."

  • Witchcraft in the Pews (1993): George Bloomer discusses the presence of spiritual deception and practices akin to "pharmakeia" within modern churches, encouraging a return to genuine biblical teachings.

  • The Bondage Breaker (1990): Neil T. Anderson explores the concept of spiritual warfare and liberation from practices and beliefs that lead believers away from a Christ-centered life, relevant to discussions on "pharmakeia" and its effects.

  • Spiritual Warfare: Christians, Demonization and Deliverance (2011): Karl Payne provides a biblical guide to understanding and overcoming spiritual battles, including those related to "pharmakeia," emphasizing the power of Christ in delivering believers from sin and deception.

  • Pharmakeia: A Hidden Assassin (2010): This book by Robert O. Young delves into the physical and spiritual implications of pharmaceuticals and their alignment with the biblical definition of "pharmakeia," critiquing modern dependency on medication in a way that can parallel spiritual discussions on reliance and morality.

Biblical Definition of Pharmakeia

Pharmakeia is a term found in the New Testament that has roots in the Greek language and is often related to practices such as sorcery and witchcraft.

Origins in Greek Language

The Greek word pharmakeia is derived from pharmakon, which traditionally meant "drug" or "medicine." In ancient contexts, it extended to signify the use of drugs for both healing and poisonous purposes.

In the Bible, its use transcends the mere discussion of medicine to imply undertones of sorcery and sinful practices.

Connection to Sorcery and Witchcraft

Pharmakeia in biblical times went beyond the administration of drugs and was closely associated with sorcery and magic.

Scriptures often mention it in the context of prohibited practices. For example, the apostle John's writings contemplate pharmakeia in connection with idolatrous practices.

Specifically, in the Book of Revelation, it is listed among the works of the flesh that stand in opposition to the kingdom of God, indicating its strong association with acts of witchcraft.

Pharmakeia and Sin in the New Testament

In the New Testament, the term "pharmakeia" is often associated with sin and is referenced in contexts related to the broader categorization of ungodly behaviors.

Galatians 5:19-21: Works of the Flesh

Galatians 5:19-21 explicitly lists the "works of the flesh," which are behaviors that stand opposite to living by the Spirit. Among these, pharmakeia, typically translated as "witchcraft" or "sorcery," is included as a deed of the flesh.

This passage makes a strong association between such practices and sin:

"Now the works of the flesh are evident: sexual immorality, impurity and debauchery; idolatry and witchcraft [pharmakeia]; hatred, discord, jealousy, fits of rage, selfish ambition, dissensions, factions and envy; drunkenness, orgies, and the like." (Galatians 5:19-21)

Revelation 9:21 and 18:23: Nations Deceived

Revelation speaks about a time of deception and great sin. In Revelation 9:21, despite plagues as judgments, humanity does not repent of their works of the flesh, including murders, magic arts (pharmakeia), sexual immorality, and thefts.

Revelation 18:23 uses pharmakeia to describe the deception of nations, depicting a fallen Babylon:

"...for your merchants were the mighty ones of the earth, for by your sorcery [pharmakeia] all nations were deceived." (Revelation 18:23)

In both instances, pharmakeia is connected with significant sins that lead people away from God, such as idolatry and sexual immorality, revealing its gravity in the moral teachings of the New Testament.

Christian Perspectives on Medicine and Healing

Christian perspectives on medicine and healing often intertwine faith with the acknowledgement of medical practice. The Bible presents views on health and healing, acknowledging both divine intervention and the use of medicines.

Jesus the Great Physician

Christians regard Jesus as "the Great Physician," a healer who performed miracles for the sick and suffering during his time on Earth.

They view his healing acts as demonstrations of compassion and power, embodying the care Christians believe they should extend to others' health.

For many believers, trusting in Jesus for spiritual and sometimes physical healing is a key aspect of their faith.

Use of Medicines in the Bible

The Bible does not dismiss the use of medicine; in fact, it mentions it in a positive light.

For instance, in 1 Timothy 5:23, Paul advises Timothy to use a little wine for the sake of his stomach and frequent ailments, indicating an early recognition of medicinal properties.

This suggests that even in biblical times, there were accepted uses of substances to improve health, laying groundwork for Christians to consider the use of medicines and pharmaceuticals as part of God's provision for healing.

Spiritual and Moral Implications of Drug Use

In examining what the Bible says about drug use, it's necessary to consider its spiritual and moral dimensions. Scripture does not directly speak to modern drug use, but it provides principles that have been interpreted with regard to substances that affect the mind and body.

Idolatry and Trusting God

The issue of idolatry is central to the biblical critique of drug use. Idolatry is the act of valuing something else more than God.

When individuals turn to drugs for comfort or escape, they can be seen as placing their trust in substances rather than in God.

"No one can serve two masters" (Matthew 6:24), this passage suggests that reliance on drugs could become a form of servitude that competes with one's devotion to God.

The biblical narrative encourages trust in God for strength and comfort, suggesting that an overreliance on substances like drugs may compromise this trust.

Temple of the Holy Spirit and Self-Control

Scripture teaches that believers' bodies are the temple of the Holy Spirit (1 Corinthians 6:19-20).

The concept of self-control is a fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22-23), meaning that Christians are called to exercise discipline over their bodies and impulses.

Drug abuse, which often leads to a loss of self-control, can be seen as desecrating the temple.

In the context of disease and death that often accompany drug abuse, particularly with substances such as pot, there's a moral imperative to protect one's body from harm, especially since it's considered a sacred vessel meant for honorable use.

Practical Wisdom and Guidance

In navigating the topic of pharmakeia, believers are encouraged to discern wisely, balancing the beneficial use of medicine with avoiding the moral pitfalls associated with its misuse.

Avoiding the Dangers of Abuse

The Bible admonishes against behaviors such as debauchery, drunkenness, and addiction. A misuse of prescription drugs can lead to such states, contrasting starkly with the fruit of the spirit—love, joy, peace, and self-control.

Believers are therefore called to be vigilant, using pharmacy services responsibly and consulting with a pharmacist to prevent potential abuse.

“Let us walk properly, as in the daytime, not in orgies and drunkenness, not in sexual immorality and sensuality, not in quarreling and jealousy.” (Romans 13:13)

Seeking God's Kingdom First

Seeking the Kingdom of God also means striving for a life that reflects God's glory and power.

This pursuit should outshine any temptations towards behaviors that lead to murder, division, or any other acts that stand in opposition to the kingdom values.

"But seek first the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things will be added to you." (Matthew 6:33)

Aligning one’s priorities in such a manner ensures that the use of medicinal aids stays within the bounds of seeking God’s kingdom and power, and not for momentary pleasures or escape.

The Role of Christians in Addressing Pharmakeia

Christians hold a distinctive position in confronting issues related to pharmakeia, which is often associated with spiritism and sorcery in biblical contexts. They are called to provide a source of hope and engage in spiritual discernment.

Offering Hope and Healing

In addressing pharmakeia, Christians believe they are to offer hope to those entangled in practices like divination and spiritism.

The church plays a pivotal role by serving as a beacon of restoration, emphasizing the importance of seeking guidance and healing through faith and prayer.

"Is anyone among you sick? Let them call the elders of the church to pray over them and anoint them with oil in the name of the Lord" (James 5:14).

Spiritual Warfare Against Deceptions

Christians are encouraged to uphold the commandment to abstain from practices that contradict their faith.

They often involve themselves in spiritual warfare, praying against the deceptions associated with pharmakeia.

Ephesians 6:12 underscores this battle: "For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this dark world and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms."

In this light, Christians see themselves not as physical healers, but as agents of spiritual truth, combating deceptions that lead away from their faith.

Conclusion

In the context of the Bible, pharmakeia is commonly associated with practices contrary to God's will. It is translated from Greek to mean practices like sorcery or witchcraft. These interpretations are seen in different Bible versions, such as the ESV and NASB, which provide nuances to the term's meaning.

The use of pharmakeia raises considerations about what honors God’s creation.

Considering that pharmakeia is mentioned in Galatians 5:20 as a work of the flesh, in stark contrast to the fruits of the Spirit, believers are encouraged to reflect on their actions. The Bible emphasizes that the glory of God is central, and His creation, including the earth, should not be subjected to idolatrous practices.

It's crucial to differentiate between the negative biblical connotations of pharmakeia and the legitimate use of medicine for healing.

Healing itself is seen throughout Scripture as aligning with God’s compassionate nature. Thus, when medicine is used in a way that respects life and seeks to restore health, it can be seen as a reflection of God's intention for creation to flourish on the earth.

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