What does the Bible say about dancing?

Joyful expressions of worship

By Shawn Buckles

Exploring dance in the Bible? It's seen as an expression of joy and worship. Scriptures show dance in celebrations and religious ceremonies, emphasizing intention. Dance should honor God, balancing praise with caution against less righteous behavior.

The Bible views dancing as an expression of joy and worship. In Ecclesiastes 3:4, it mentions a "time to dance," and Psalms 149:3 and 150:4 encourage praising God with dancing. However, it also implies that the context and intention behind dancing matter, focusing on celebration and worship rather than sensuality or idolatry.

Then Miriam the prophetess, Aaron’s sister, took a tambourine in her hand, and all the women followed her, with tambourines and dancing.
Exodus 15:20
David, wearing a linen ephod, danced before the Lord with all his might, while he and all Israel were bringing up the ark of the Lord with shouts and the sound of trumpets.
2 Samuel 6:14-15
You turned my wailing into dancing; you removed my sackcloth and clothed me with joy.
Psalm 30:11

Summary

  • Dance in the Bible spans celebratory worship and cautionary examples.
  • Intentions and context dictate the appropriateness of dance as portrayed in Scripture.
  • Dance is a nuanced topic in the Bible, reflecting both joy and potential for sin.

Bible mentions dancing in the following books:

  • Dance, Stand, Run: The God-Inspired Moves of a Woman on Holy Ground (2017): Jess Connolly discusses the dynamic Christian life, including dance as a metaphor for freedom and joy in God's presence.

  • Worship in the Shape of Scripture (2000): F. Russell Mitman explores how worship practices, including dance, can be rooted in biblical tradition, celebrating God's word and presence.

  • Miriam's Dance: Reflections on the Role of Women in Worship (1998): Heather McKay delves into the role of women in biblical worship narratives, including Miriam's celebratory dance.

  • The Heart of Worship Files (2012): Matt Redman gathers insights on various expressions of worship, including dance, emphasizing authentic devotion over form.

  • Sacred Rhythms: Arranging Our Lives for Spiritual Transformation (2006): Ruth Haley Barton touches on the spiritual discipline of worship through movement, reflecting on biblical instances of dance as devotion.

Biblical Instances of Dance

The Bible records several occasions where dance is used as a form of celebration and praise. These instances reflect the culture and customs of ancient Israel and convey expressions of joy and reverence.

Miriam and the Women of Israel

After Israel's miraculous crossing of the Red Sea and the subsequent destruction of the Egyptian forces, the prophetess Miriam, sister of Moses, led the women in dance.

Exodus 15:20 recounts that Miriam took a tambourine in her hand, and all the women followed her, with tambourines and dancing. This act of dance symbolized Israel's joy and gratitude towards God for their deliverance.

King David's Celebration

In a display of kingship unlike any other, King David danced before the Ark of the Covenant with all his might, clothed in a linen ephod.

2 Samuel 6:14 illustrates David's unrestrained joy as he brought the Ark to Jerusalem, while the city rejoiced and celebrated with singing. This event highlights the cultural importance of dance as an expression of spiritual exultation and intimate praise.

The Prodigal Son

In the New Testament, Luke 15 shares a parable of the Prodigal Son, where dance is mentioned as part of the celebratory actions when the lost son returns home.

The father hosts a grand feast featuring music and dancing, symbolizing not only familial joy but also a spiritual return to God and the restoration of fellowship.

Dance as Worship and Joy

In the biblical context, dance is often an expression of worship and a manifestation of joy. It serves as a physical reflection of the internal state of gladness and gratitude towards God.

Praise Through Dance

In Psalm 149:3, it is said, "Let them praise his name with dancing, making melody to him with tambourine and lyre."

This directive illustrates dance as an integral part of worship. It suggests that movement accompanied by musical instruments like the tambourine and lyre is a pleasing form of praise to God.

Expressions of Joy and Gladness

The Bible frequently associates dance with joy and gladness.

Jeremiah 31:4 speaks of a time when God will again build up His people and "they shall use the dance of merrymakers."

Other scriptures like Psalm 30:11 transform sorrow into rejoicing: "You have turned for me my mourning into dancing; you have loosed my sackcloth and clothed me with gladness."

Through dance, believers are able to physically express their joy and thanksgiving, celebrating God's glory and love.

Dance in Times of Mourning

In the Bible, dance is often mentioned as a form of joyous celebration, but it also appears in contexts of mourning, serving as a powerful symbol of transformation and hope.

Ecclesiastes on Time for Dancing

Ecclesiastes 3:4 acknowledges that there is "a time to weep and a time to laugh, a time to mourn and a time to dance," suggesting a season for every human emotion under heaven.

This verse captures the essence that life’s experiences are not one-dimensional. Even in times of mourning, there is an anticipation for a time where dancing symbolizes the transition from sorrow to joy.

The passage from Ecclesiastes invites reflection on life's cyclical nature, where mourning may eventually give way to movements of comfort and celebration.

Mourning Transformed to Dancing

Psalm 30:11 states, "You turned my mourning into dancing; you removed my sackcloth and clothed me with joy."

Here, the sentiment is clear that God has the power to transform sorrow into joy. Dancing becomes a metaphor for this transformation—where praise and joy replace weeping and mourning.

The Psalmist uses dancing as a symbol of thanks and gratitude, a physical expression of being lifted from despair to a place of comfort and praise.

Negative Connotations of Dance

In the Bible, there are instances where dance is associated with negative events and behaviors, such as idolatry and the provocation of divine judgment.

The Golden Calf Incident

The incident of the Golden Calf as recorded in Exodus 32 presents a stark picture of dance being connected with sin and idolatry.

The Israelites, in the absence of Moses, constructed a calf of gold and danced around it. This act of revering an idol greatly angered God, as it betrayed the loyalty and heart of His people.

Aaron, Moses' brother, played a significant role in this event, leading the revelry that was deeply offensive to their faith.

Herodias' Daughter and John the Baptist

Another negative portrayal of dance is found in the account of Herodias' daughter, who danced for King Herod and his guests, leading to the beheading of John the Baptist (Mark 6).

The dance resulted in a judgment that was both immediate and severe, as Herodias used her daughter's performance to manipulate the king and seek revenge against John.

This tragic event underscores a theme of dance being used for sinful manipulation and causing profound ramifications.

General Biblical Guidance on Dance

In the Bible, dance is often associated with joy and worship. Scripture provides examples of dance being used as an act of reverence and celebration within certain contexts.

Dancing With Reverence

Dance in the Bible is frequently an expression of worship and praise to God.

The Old Testament speaks of dance as part of religious celebrations, as seen when Miriam led women with tambourines and dancing after the crossing of the Red Sea (Exodus 15:20).

In the book of Psalms, David invites the faithful to "praise His name with dancing," highlighting dance as a form of reverential joy and worship (Psalm 149:3).

These texts indicate that when dance is directed toward honoring God, it is seen in a positive light.

Dance and Christian Freedom

The New Testament does not prescribe specific practices or prohibitions regarding dance. Instead, it provides principles of Christian freedom that guide believers in their conduct.

In his letters, Paul advises Christians to do everything for the glory of God. This can encompass the freedom to dance in a manner that is edifying and not leading to sin (1 Corinthians 10:31).

The parable of the Prodigal Son also indirectly references dance as a celebratory event. When the father receives his lost son with a feast that includes music and dancing, this suggests that dance, when expressed with good intentions and modesty, may be a permissible and joyful act.

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