What does the Bible say about clothing?

Modesty, identity, and faith intertwined

By Shawn Buckles

The Bible's take on clothing merges modesty, identity, and faith, guiding believers in their attire choices. It reflects deep, symbolic meanings beyond mere fashion.

The Bible emphasizes modesty, humility, and appropriateness in clothing, advising against dressing in a way that promotes vanity or causes others to stumble. 1 Timothy 2:9-10 and 1 Peter 3:3-4 encourage modest dress, focusing on inner qualities over external appearance.

Likewise, I want women to adorn themselves with proper clothing, modestly and discreetly, not with braided hair and gold or pearls or costly garments.
1 Timothy 2:9
Therefore, as God’s chosen people, holy and dearly loved, clothe yourselves with compassion, kindness, humility, gentleness, and patience.
Colossians 3:12
"Do not let your adorning be external—the braiding of hair and the putting on of gold jewelry, or the clothing you wear— but let your adorning be the hidden person of the heart with the imperishable beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which in God’s sight is very precious.
1 Peter 3:3-4

Summary

  • Clothing in the Bible is associated with modesty and spiritual reflection.
  • Scripture provides guidance on attire, emphasizing the importance of inner qualities over outward adornment.
  • The symbolic and practical aspects of clothing in biblical times continue to influence Christian perspectives on dress today.

Bible mentions clothing in the following books:

  • Dressing with Dignity (2005): Colleen Hammond discusses the significance of modesty in clothing, drawing on biblical principles to advocate for attire that reflects dignity and respect for oneself and God.

  • Modesty: More Than a Change of Clothes (2013): Martha Peace and Kent Keller explore the concept of modesty from a biblical perspective, emphasizing it as an expression of love towards God and others, and not just a matter of clothing choice.

  • The Hidden Art of Homemaking (1971): Edith Schaeffer, though not solely about clothing, includes discussions on how Christians can express creativity and godliness in their appearance, promoting an identity rooted in Christ rather than fashion trends.

  • Secret Keeper: The Delicate Power of Modesty (2002): Dannah Gresh addresses young women directly, encouraging them to choose modesty in clothing as a means to honor God and themselves, reflecting inner beauty and strength.

  • True Beauty (2014): Carolyn Mahaney and Nicole Whitacre cast a vision for beauty that begins with the heart, encouraging women to pursue godliness and good works over cultural standards of appearance, including in their choice of clothing.

Biblical Principles of Clothing

The Bible addresses the issue of clothing with a focus on modesty, decency, and propriety. These principles are not about the style or cost of the garments but the attitude and heart behind the choice of attire.

  • Modesty: Christians are encouraged to choose clothing that reflects modesty. This means dressing in a way that is considered respectful to oneself and others.

    In 1 Timothy 2:9, modest apparel is recommended for women. This suggests attire that exhibits self-control and respectability.

  • Decency: Clothing should be decent, a principle that applies to not only the appearance but also the context wherein the attire is worn.

    Scripture provides guidance that one's clothing choices should be appropriate for the situation, aligning with propriety and not causing others to stumble.

  • Value & Heart: The Bible emphasizes that while clothing is outward, what truly matters is the condition of one's heart.

    In 1 Peter 3:3-4, it is noted that a person's adornment should not merely be external. It should be the inner self, defined by a gentle and quiet spirit.

  • God's Perspective: God's view on clothing goes beyond the physical garments to the expression of one's faith and dedication to holiness. Christians are encouraged to wear clothing that honors God and represents their faith in a positive light.

Through these scriptures, it's clear that clothing, in the biblical sense, is more about reflecting one's faith and values rather than focusing solely on fashion or trendiness.

Adornment and Modesty in Scripture

The Bible provides guidance on how to approach both physical appearance and the attitude of the heart. These teachings emphasize modesty, humility, and prioritizing inner beauty over outward adornment.

Adornment and Beauty

Scripture acknowledges that people naturally desire to adorn themselves. However, it advises moderation in the use of gold, pearls, and jewelry.

For example, 1 Timothy 2:9 calls on women to dress modestly, without extravagant adornments. Instead, they should focus on good works and a humble demeanor.

Modesty and Decency

The Bible's stance on modesty isn't just about clothing choices; it is closely linked with notions of decency and propriety.

Both men and women are encouraged to present themselves in a way that is respectful and considerate of others. The call for modest dress is part of a broader call to live a life of self-control and respect for oneself and others.

Inner Beauty and Good Deeds

Perhaps the most emphasized theme regarding attire in the Bible is the importance of inner beauty and good works.

1 Timothy 2:10 suggests that individuals, particularly women, should adorn themselves with respectable deeds. The focus should be on one's actions and character rather than physical appearance alone.

Garments in Biblical Times

Clothing in biblical times was not just for protection and modesty but also reflected one's social status and wealth. Materials and styles varied, signaling everything from occupation to social standing.

Hebrew Clothing

The typical attire for both men and women in ancient Hebrew culture was the tunic, a long garment usually made of wool or linen.

These tunics often reached from the shoulders down to the ankles and were held at the waist by a belt. While wool was common, linen was favored by the Israelites due to its purity, as they often wore white tunics to observe religious ceremonies.

High Priest Garments

The high priest's garments were elaborate and richly detailed, as described in Exodus 28.

They wore a special robe called an ephod, made from fine linen, dyed with blue, purple, and scarlet, and intricately woven with gold threads. The ephod symbolized their role and authority in religious rites.

These garments also included a breastplate, a turban, and a sash, all crafted from the same luxurious materials.

Royal and Rich Attires

Royal robes reflected the wealth and status of the wearer.

Kings and affluent individuals often donned clothing made from the finest materials, including atus, a luxurious fabric. They sometimes had intricate embroidery or were dyed in rich colors and adorned with precious stones.

The Bible frequently mentions these royal garments, signifying the wearer’s high position and affluence within society.

Symbolism of Clothing in the Bible

In the scriptures, clothing is more than just material for covering the body; it is laden with spiritual symbolism. From the garments given in Eden to the robes mentioned in Revelation, clothing often represents divine principles like righteousness, salvation, and holiness.

Clothing as a Metaphor for Righteousness

The motif of clothing in the Bible frequently illustrates moral and spiritual conditions.

For instance, in Genesis 3, Adam and Eve's awareness of their nakedness and subsequent covering with fig leaves signify their newfound knowledge of sin.

Moving through the Bible to Isaiah 61:10, the prophet jubilantly announces being clothed in a robe of righteousness, a remarkable emblem of how God covers sin and imputes righteousness to believers.

This metaphor extends to the New Testament as well, where in Galatians 3:27, those who have been baptized into Christ are said to have "put on Christ." This suggests a transformation into a state of holiness and spiritual purity.

Garments of Salvation

The phrase "garments of salvation" is rich in meaning, depicting the profound work of God in a person's life.

As found in Isaiah 61:10, this divine attire symbolizes the salvation bestowed upon individuals. It replaces the darkness of sin with garments that reflect light and purity, akin to a bridegroom in a headdress or a bride adorned with jewels.

In the culminating book of Revelation, believers are presented as wearing white robes. These signify their righteous acts and the ultimate salvation they have received through their faith (Revelation 19:8).

These garments are indicative of their triumph over sin and their readiness for the eternal life promised to them.

Instructions and Laws on Clothing

The Bible presents a variety of instructions on clothing, both in the Old Testament and the New Testament. These guidelines include specific laws, teachings on modesty, and warnings against focusing too heavily on external adornments.

Old Testament Laws

In the Old Testament, clothing laws served as a visible mark of the Israelites' distinctiveness and adherence to God's commandments.

One such law found in Deuteronomy 22:5 prohibits men from wearing women's clothing and vice versa, stating it's an abomination to the Lord your God. This command reflected cultural boundaries and reinforced social order.

Moreover, God established laws against wearing clothes with two kinds of material mixed together. This aimed to keep His people set apart from the practices of neighboring nations.

New Testament Teachings

Transitioning to the New Testament, the focus shifts from strict dress codes to the virtues represented by one's attire.

In 1 Timothy 2:9-10, for instance, Paul encourages women to wear respectable apparel.

He emphasizes modesty and good works as the true markers of value, not expensive or costly attire. He suggests that a woman's clothing should reflect her gentle and quiet spirit, which holds great worth in God's sight.

Warnings on External Adornments

The Bible cautions against placing too much emphasis on physical appearance and external adornments. It warns that while outward beauty may catch the eye, it's a godly character that ultimately stands the test of time and judgment.

The teachings found in these texts encourage believers to prioritize a lifestyle that honors God, not one centered on materialistic display or vanity.

Clothing and Christian Life Today

In today's context, Christians put thought into their clothing as a reflection of their faith and identity. Dressing is not just about self-expression but aligns with spiritual convictions and the Biblical principles of modesty and stewardship.

Dressing with Purpose

Christians believe that their choice of attire should exhibit godliness and self-control.

The Bible speaks of clothing being white in the book of Revelation to represent those worthy in Christ's eternal kingdom. This signifies purity and the righteousness of Christ (GotQuestions.org).

They dress with the purpose to glorify Jesus Christ. They always consider how their appearance can reflect their faith and commitment to living a life that pleases God.

Attitude Towards Clothing and Consumption

In the realm of clothing consumption, Christians are encouraged to show compassion and grace.

This means making ethical choices that give back and share blessings with others. They often advocate for sustainable fashion and responsible consumer habits (The Witness).

They are also called to rely on the Holy Spirit for strength. This helps them resist the temptation of materialism, reflecting a life marked by faith and purposeful living.

Frequently Referenced Bible Verses

1 Timothy 2:9 discusses the demeanor and apparel of women. It states that they should dress "with modesty and self-control, not with braided hair and gold or pearls or costly attire." This verse emphasizes the value of modesty in the Christian tradition.

In the Book of Genesis, clothing first appears symbolically after Adam and Eve eat the forbidden fruit. They realize their nakedness and make coverings for themselves, as seen in Genesis 3:7: "Then the eyes of both were opened, and they knew that they were naked. And they sewed fig leaves together and made themselves loincloths."

Isaiah 61:10 offers a joyful proclamation of God's salvation, likening it to the adornment of a bride and groom: "I will greatly rejoice in the Lord; my soul shall exult in my God, for he has clothed me with the garments of salvation, he has covered me with the robe of righteousness, as a bridegroom decks himself like a priest with a beautiful headdress, and as a bride adorns herself with her jewels."

The Book of Revelation contains visions of heavenly beings and the faithful, often described in white garments representing purity and victory. For example, Revelation 3:18 urges believers to buy white garments to cover their nakedness and to maintain their dignity.

Matthew 6:28-29 contemplates the lilies of the field, which neither toil nor spin, yet are arrayed in splendor: "Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow: they neither toil nor spin, yet I tell you, even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these." This verse encourages trust in God's provision and suggests a simplicity and lack of preoccupation with one's attire.

Concluding Thoughts on Dress and Faith

When exploring the intersection of dress and faith, one discovers that attire can be an expression of the virtues many believers strive to internalize.

Modesty in dress is often seen as an external sign of internal purity. The Bible talks of clothing oneself with compassion, humility, and patience, suggesting that these qualities are not only metaphorical but can be reflected in one's physical presentation.

Christians believe that their bodies are temples of the Holy Spirit, and dressing modestly honors both themselves and God. They perceive beauty not in extravagant attire but in the love and kindness worn like a garment.

References to angels in the scriptures provide imagery of radiant beauty, which for some, becomes an inspiration for reflecting heavenly grace in their attire.

One can argue that, in the Bible, physical clothes are less important than spiritual garments. It's not so much about the fabric but about clothing oneself in God's love, which is the true source of beauty. Clothing is hence seen as an opportunity to practice spiritual disciplines, focusing on holiness rather than fashion.

Appendix

This section explores the differing aspects of clothing within the Bible, from explicit verses to the broader historical and cultural context. It also provides reflective questions to further deepen understanding and facilitate personal study.

Bible Verses on Clothing

The Bible contains numerous references to clothing, often symbolizing one's spiritual condition.

Isaiah (Isaiah 61:10) portrays clothing as a metaphor for salvation, likening it to a robe of righteousness. Meanwhile, Genesis tells of Adam and Eve clothing themselves with fig leaves (Genesis 3:7) after their fall into sin, representing an awareness of shame.

In the New Testament, Jesus teaches using clothing as an analogy. For instance, He refers to the lilies of the field, which do not toil or spin, yet are clothed more splendidly than even Solomon in all his glory (Matthew 6:28-29, Luke 12:27).

  • Matthew 6:28-29: "And why are you anxious about clothing? Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow: they neither toil nor spin..."
  • 1 Peter 3:3-4: Discusses purity and gentleness over outward adornment such as braided hair or fine clothes, emphasizing the inner self's unfading beauty.

Historical Context of Attire in Scripture

In biblical times, attire often reflected one’s social status, occupation, or spiritual condition.

For example, Herod was known for his royal garments (Acts 12:21), while John the Baptist is described as a man of the wilderness with simple attire of camel's hair (Matthew 3:4).

Clothing also underscored important themes; for example, false prophets were warned against for their deceptive appearances (Matthew 7:15), and the need to clothe the needy is mentioned as a righteous act (Matthew 25:36).

Reflection Questions for Further Study

  1. How do biblical references to clothing help understand the value of spiritual content over material wealth?
  2. What can be learned about resisting the desire to eat, drink, and be consumed with earthly possessions based on scripture related to clothing?
  3. What insights does the concept of clothing as a protection from shame offer regarding one's own spiritual nakedness and the covering grace of God?

Reflecting on these points may help an individual consider their own priorities.

It may also help them consider the role that eating and drinking have on their spiritual journey.

Lastly, it may help them understand what it means to live without being anxious about one's basic needs, trusting in God's provision.

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