What does the Bhagavad Gita say about forgiveness?

Forgiveness as divine virtue

By Shawn Buckles

Discover the Bhagavad Gita's guidance on forgiveness as a path to spiritual growth. Learn how letting go of anger and embracing divine qualities can lead to inner peace and liberation.

The Bhagavad Gita emphasizes forgiveness as a virtue of the wise, highlighting it as a trait of those who are spiritually enlightened. It suggests that forgiving others is a sign of strength and self-control, essential for inner peace and spiritual growth.

He is considered the best yogi who regards every being like oneself, and who can feel the pain and pleasures of others as his own, O Arjuna.
From anger, complete delusion arises, and from delusion, bewilderment of memory. When memory is bewildered, intelligence is lost, and when intelligence is lost, one falls down again into the material pool.
Perform your duty equipoised, O Arjuna, abandoning all attachment to success or failure. Such equanimity is called yoga.

Summary

  • Forgiveness in the Bhagavad Gita is depicted as a divine attribute essential for spiritual liberation.
  • Embracing forgiveness is intertwined with achieving purity, non-violence, and self-control.
  • Through forgiveness, one can alleviate personal suffering and contribute to a harmonious society.

The Bhagavad Gita mentions forgiveness in the following books:

  • The Bhagavad Gita (circa 2nd century BCE): Highlights forgiveness as a virtue that contributes to inner peace and spiritual enlightenment.

  • Forgiveness Is a Choice by Robert D. Enright (2001): A guide on the process of forgiveness, offering insights that align with the Gita's perspective on forgiveness as essential for personal well-being.

  • The Book of Forgiving by Desmond Tutu and Mpho Tutu (2014): Explores the healing power of forgiveness, echoing the Gita's teachings on empathy and liberation from negative emotions.

  • Amish Grace: How Forgiveness Transcended Tragedy by Donald B. Kraybill, Steven M. Nolt, and David L. Weaver-Zercher (2007): Shares a real-life story of forgiveness, illustrating principles similar to those in the Bhagavad Gita regarding the strength and peace forgiveness brings.

The Essence of Forgiveness in the Bhagavad Gita

The Bhagavad Gita, a seminal text in Hindu philosophy, addresses forgiveness as an essential virtue that paves the way for spiritual growth and harmony. It stresses the importance of letting go of anger and resentment to maintain a peaceful heart and soul.

Distinguishing Forgiveness

In the Bhagavad Gita, forgiveness is highlighted as a divine attribute, one that individuals are encouraged to develop. It is positioned as the strength of the heart that permits one to let go of animosity and move beyond the pain caused by others. Forgiveness here is not a sign of weakness but a potent form of spiritual self-control. It is linked to truthfulness and simplicity, implying living a life without deceit or complexity that can lead to ill will.

Relevance to the Self and Soul

The text promotes the notion that the soul, being eternal and beyond the ephemeral nature of the physical world, benefits from forgiveness. This act purifies the karma, which affects the soul's journey. Forgiveness fosters inner peace, leading to steadiness in self-control and furthering the individual’s pursuit of truth. In this way, forgiveness is not just interpersonal but also intrapersonal — a means for an individual to align with their higher self and maintain tranquility, regardless of external circumstances.

Anger and Its Consequences

The Bhagavad Gita addresses anger as a potent force with the power to cloud judgment and lead to ruin. Understanding and managing anger is crucial for cultivating a peaceful and focused mind.

Understanding Krodhas

In the Bhagavad Gita, anger (Krodhas in Sanskrit) is depicted as a dangerous emotion that can disturb one's mental equilibrium and cause harm. As described in Chapter 2, Verse 63, anger leads to the confusion of memory, which then hinders intellectual capacities, resulting in self-destruction.

Controlling Anger and Cultivating Sattva

The key to controlling anger is to develop sattva (purity and harmony), which is integral for self-control. Cultivation of sattva involves the absence of anger and practicing virtues like forgiveness, as outlined in the teachings of Bhagavad Gita. This is essential in preventing anger from causing potential harm and leading towards spiritual growth. The Gita suggests that one's higher self has the control to master such emotions, steering towards a more composed and serene existence.

Teachings of Lord Krishna on Truthfulness and Purity

In the Bhagavad Gita, Lord Krishna imparts spiritual wisdom to Arjuna, focusing on virtues essential for a righteous life. Among these, truthfulness and purity stand out as vital for personal and spiritual growth.

The Virtue of Arjavam

Arjuna receives guidance on Arjavam, signifying simplicity and straightforwardness in one's actions. Truthfulness is at its core, where speaking the truth is not just a moral deed but a reflection of one's commitment to spiritual integrity. Lord Krishna teaches that being straightforward is more than just honest communication; it's about aligning one's thoughts, words, and deeds to divine grace.

The Importance of Shaucham

Shaucham refers to both external and internal purity. While the cleanliness of the body is critical, the Bhagavad Gita emphasizes purification of the mind through gentle thoughts and actions. In cultivating gentleness, one can create an environment where spiritual wisdom flourishes. Lord Krishna underscores that a pure heart, free from malevolence, is a sanctuary for truthfulness and is favored by divine grace.

Concepts of Charity and Renunciation

The Bhagavad Gita presents intricate concepts of doing charity (Dānaṁ) and embracing renunciation as paths to purity and realization. These practices are recognized not just for their moral virtues but also for their role in spiritual development.

The Practice of Dānaṁ

Dānaṁ, or charity, is a significant concept in the Bhagavad Gita, applied as a means to purify one's heart and mind. It prescribes that charity should be conducted without any expectation of return, directed to a worthy person, and performed at the right time and place. This form of giving is aligned with sattva, one of the modes of material nature, denoting goodness and purity. Much importance is given to the intention behind the act, emphasizing modesty and selflessness.

Principles of Renunciation

Renunciation in the Bhagavad Gita entails a deeper psychological aspect: the renunciation of attachment to outcomes. It isn't merely relinquishing material possessions but adopting an attitude of inner detachment. Such renunciation requires self-control and is often accompanied by a sense of duty. They are encouraged to perform actions as offerings, thus integrating renounced service into daily life. This kind of renunciation is not an abandonment of action but rather action infused with a spirit of sacrifice and awareness of the self's connection to the divine.

The Role of Divine Qualities and Grace

In the Bhagavad Gita, the virtues that elevate the soul are central to advancing on the spiritual path. Embracing these qualities can be transformative, guiding one toward enlightened living and ultimate liberation.

Manifestation of Compassion and Love

Compassion and love are described as fundamental divine qualities that promote forgiveness. When one exhibits compassion, they can understand and empathize with the suffering of others, paving the way for forgiveness. The Bhagavad Gita highlights the importance of developing a loving demeanor, which fortifies the heart against animosity and supports a forgiving nature. This mirrors the divine quality necessary for leading a harmonious life.

Ego, Modesty, and the Divine

Modesty is another divine attribute that can diminish the ego, often an obstacle to forgiving others. The Bhagavad Gita teaches that by cultivating modesty, one acknowledges their limitations and appreciates the role of divine grace in their achievements. By minimizing the ego, individuals foster humility and are more inclined to offer and seek forgiveness. Modesty, in this context, acts as a conduit through which divine grace flows, assisting in the dissolution of pride that hinders reconciliation.

Journey to Self-Control and Ahinsa

In the Bhagavad Gita, a path is paved for individuals to develop self-control and embrace the principle of Ahinsā, or non-violence. This goes beyond mere physical non-violence, encompassing the absence of ill-will and the cultivation of a forgiving temperament.

Embracing Ahinsā

Ahinsā emerges as a key virtue in one's spiritual journey, reflecting a deep commitment to non-harm. The text suggests that through forgiveness, one practices Ahinsā, as it entails letting go of anger and the desire for retribution. One learns that even in the face of suffering, maintaining a stance of non-violence against all living beings is a testament to one’s spiritual evolution.

Achieving Self-Control

The path to self-control is intertwined with the reduction of ego and the development of modesty. The Gita advises that control over one's own senses and desires is essential in achieving a higher state of consciousness. It emphasizes that self-control is not just about discipline but also involves understanding one's deeper self beyond immediate impulses.

Aspects of Suffering and the Relief Through Forgiveness

In the Bhagavad Gita, suffering is often depicted as a fundamental part of the human experience, but it also extends the concept of forgiveness as a transformative force. The sacred text emphasizes that understanding the roots of suffering and embracing forgiveness can lead to profound inner peace and spiritual growth.

Understanding the Cause of Suffering

Suffering arises from various sources, including the inability to accept life's realities and our actions that may cause harm to oneself or others. The Bhagavad Gita highlights that one's ego and ignorance often lead to suffering by creating a delusion of separation between the self and the external world. This false sense of division gives rise to various afflictions such as anger, greed, and jealousy which, in turn, perpetrate suffering.

The Healing Power of Forgiveness

The Bhagavad Gita teaches that forgiveness is a virtue that can heal and liberate the soul from the cycles of suffering. It asserts that when individuals choose forgiveness, they exhibit compassion and free themselves from the bonds of resentment. This act of letting go not only alleviates their own suffering but also has the potential to heal relationships and lead to mutual understanding and harmony. In practicing forgiveness, one can find tranquility and the strength to overcome the trials of life.

Conclusion

In the Bhagavad Gita, forgiveness is lauded as a divine quality. It is seen as a reflection of love and divine grace, integral to the practice of karma yoga. Forgiving someone can be understood as an act of compassion, where one absolves another from the bindings of their actions, much like the divine grace that frees individuals from the cycle of karma.

Those endowed with divine qualities exhibit forgiveness, which aligns with the Gita's teaching that one should perform actions without attachment to results. This detachment is often rooted in a deep understanding and practice of love. By forgiving, individuals not only free themselves from animosity but also align with the divine nature described in the sacred text.

The practice of forgiveness as per the Bhagavad Gita is not just a passive act but a conscious choice that contributes to inner peace and societal harmony. Individuals are encouraged to forgive, as it leads to spiritual growth and the development of a benevolent character that reflects higher spiritual ideals.

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