What does the Bhagavad Gita say about fasting?

Balancing spirituality with discipline

By Shawn Buckles

Embrace fasting as a path to purity and spiritual growth with the Bhagavad Gita's wisdom. It's about intention, discipline, and balance, guiding you beyond mere ritual to deeper self-realization.

The Bhagavad Gita discusses moderation in eating and activities, including fasting, as a way to discipline the body and mind. It suggests that fasting, like other actions, should be done with the right intention, not for show but as a spiritual practice to improve self-control and focus.

One who is temperate in his habits of eating, sleeping, working, and recreation can mitigate all material pains by practicing the yoga system.
Whatever you do, whatever you eat, whatever you offer or give away, and whatever austerities you perform — do that, O son of Kunti, as an offering to me.
Worship of the gods, the brahmanas, the teachers, and the wise, purity, straightforwardness, celibacy, and non-violence — these are called the austerity of the body.

Summary

  • The Bhagavad Gita views fasting as a method to purify oneself and aid spiritual practice.
  • Intention and moderation are key aspects of fasting highlighted in the Gita.
  • Proper fasting supports spiritual growth by fostering self-discipline and focus.

The Bhagavad Gita mentions fasting in the following books:

  • The Path of Yoga: An Essential Guide to Its Principles and Practices by Georg Feuerstein (2011): Outlines yoga's ethical practices, including fasting, as a means to spiritual growth.

  • Fasting for Spiritual Breakthrough: A Guide to Nine Biblical Fasts by Elmer L. Towns (1996): Explores the concept of fasting in various religious traditions, offering insights that align with the Gita's teachings on intention and discipline.

  • Aghora II: Kundalini by Robert E. Svoboda (1993): Discusses the physical and spiritual practices of the Aghori ascetics, including fasting, for spiritual awakening, reflecting the Gita's emphasis on self-discipline.

  • Autobiography of a Yogi by Paramahansa Yogananda (1946): Includes accounts of spiritual fasting and its significance in achieving higher states of consciousness, resonating with the Gita's guidance on fasting with devotion.

Concept of Fasting in Hinduism

Fasting in Hinduism is an important spiritual and religious practice referenced in several scriptures, including the Bhagavad Gita. It is often observed as a form of sacrifice or 'yajna' and worship.

Historical Context

The practice of fasting is rooted in the earliest traditions of Hinduism. Texts like the Bhagavad Gita discuss the significance of yajna or sacrifice as an essential part of spiritual life. Fasting is considered a physical form of this sacrifice, a way to discipline the body and focus the mind for spiritual reasons.

Religious Significance

In Hinduism, fasting is more than a dietary restriction; it's a means to spiritual gains. It's believed that through fasting, one can enhance their attunement with the Absolute and establish a harmonious relationship between the body and the soul. The Bhagavad Gita underscores the importance of self-control and explains that those who eat food without first offering it as a form of sacrifice indeed commit sin. The act of fasting is thus a form of worship in itself, demonstrating devotion and self-control in pursuit of spiritual growth.

Fasting in the Bhagavad Gita

The Bhagavad Gita addresses fasting through a nuanced lens, emphasizing balance and intention rather than the act itself. It highlights the concept of moderation and the importance of fasting with the right spiritual context.

Verses Pertaining to Fasting

In the Bhagavad Gita, Chapter 6, Verse 16, Krishna advises Arjun that one who fasts excessively is not perfectly situated in yoga. Krishna's emphasis is on the middle path, avoiding extremes in eating and sleeping. While the text does not lay out direct instructions for fasting, it suggests that extremes in austerities, including fasting, might be counterproductive to one's spiritual growth.

Philosophy Behind Fasting

The philosophy of fasting within the Bhagavad Gita extends beyond mere abstention from food. It is seen as an act tied to sacrifice and discipline, meant to align the physical and spiritual aspects of oneself. Fasting, as implied in the Bhagavad Gita, is not just for physical purity but also as a means to cultivate self-control and focus the mind on higher consciousness.

The Role of Moderation

In the Bhagavad Gita, moderation is a key principle, especially when it comes to the practice of fasting. Chapter 6, Verse 16 of the Gita cautions about the extremes of eating too much or too little. The verse explains that one does not attain success by overeating or by complete abstinence from eating. It emphasizes a balance in eating, sleeping, and recreation as a foundation for a stable mind and a healthy pursuit of spiritual consciousness.

A balanced approach in all aspects of life is considered essential for energy management and sustaining a focused consciousness. The text also suggests that too much austerity may disrupt an individual's energy balance, which can be counterproductive to their spiritual growth. Similarly, excessive indulgence can cloud the mind and hinder one's spiritual journey.

  • Moderation in Fasting: Fasting must strike a balance ('na ati' - not too much, 'na asti' - not too little) to be truly effective.

  • Mental Balance: Maintaining mental equilibrium through moderate behavior is necessary to cultivate steady consciousness and control the senses.

It implies that one's efforts in fasting or any form of self-discipline should be moderate ('tu' - but), to support the pathway towards consciousness without causing physical or mental strain. The messaging is clear: whether it's fasting or other aspects of life, moderation is key to maintaining balance and progressing spiritually.

Importance of Intention in Fasting

In the practice of fasting as outlined in the Bhagavad Gita, intention holds significant importance. It's seen not merely as an act of abstaining from food but as a form of sacrifice aligned with spiritual growth. The Gita implies that the act of fasting is elevated when the food, or absence thereof, is offered with a spiritual purpose in mind, thereby enriching one's bhakti, or devotion.

Those who fast with the right intention find that their act transcends the physical discipline. As stated in the Bhagavad Gita, fasting is recommended because it helps in controlling the senses. This control is essential for spiritual advancement and inculcating virtues like self-restraint and purity of mind. The text distinguishes between fasting for one's own enjoyment and fasting as a sacrifice to the divine.

Fasting as a sacrifice helps in releasing individuals from various sins, as they consume food—or abstain from it—with the consciousness of offering this act to God. This perspective transforms the physical act of fasting into a spiritual experience, amplifying its value beyond mere dietary restriction. Thus, in the Bhagavad Gita's view, the intention behind fasting is as crucial as the fasting itself.

Types of Fasting and Their Effects

Fasting in the Bhagavad Gita is more than a physical process; it's a spiritual discipline. It promotes self-regulation and is envisaged as a path to both physical well-being and mental clarity.

Mental Discipline

The Bhagavad Gita speaks of fasting as a way to strengthen the mind. Individuals who engage in fasting learn to control their desires, which in turn leads to enhanced self-discipline. Through practicums such as Pūrak, Rechak, Antar kumbhak, and Bāhya kumbhak as described in the Gita, one cultivates patience and a focused mentality.

Physical Health

Regarding health, the act of fasting is thought to purify the body. This practice aids in the removal of toxins and the improvement of bodily functions. The Gita also recommends moderation in diet as a key element of a healthy lifestyle, suggesting that periodic fasting can be beneficial for maintaining physical health and vitality.

Techniques and Practices

In the Bhagavad Gita, fasting is more than abstention from food; it's a holistic practice that involves the body, mind, and breath. The scripture outlines techniques that enhance the fasting experience, emphasizing meditation and breath control as integral components.

Integration With Meditation and Pranayama

The Bhagavad Gita teaches that during fasting, one can achieve higher states of consciousness through meditation. This contemplative practice is often coupled with pranayama, the control of life force through regulated breathing. For instance, some yogis emphasize the importance of harmonizing the breath, offering the outgoing breath to the incoming, and vice versa, as a form of sacrifice and spiritual discipline. This synchronization of breath is a delicate art that aids in focusing the mind and purifying the body.

Observing Silence

Maintaining silence is another practice recommended during fasting periods as described in the Gita. Silence helps individuals dive deeper into their meditation, minimizing distractions. By quieting the external noise, one becomes more attuned to the internal dialogue of the mind and the subtle movements of the breath. This silence isn't merely an absence of speech but a profound stillness that facilitates a greater connection with the self and the divine. It creates space for self-reflection and fosters mental clarity, thus enhancing the spiritual benefits of the fast.

Lifestyle Considerations

In the Bhagavad Gita, fasting is addressed within the context of a broader lifestyle conducive to spiritual growth. The text underscores the importance of moderation, integrating fasting into the daily routine, and balancing physical activities with adequate rest.

Daily Routines and Fasting

The Bhagavad Gita advises neither extreme fasting nor overindulgence in food. It mentions anashnath, which can be understood as someone who does not eat at all, highlighting the risks of taking fasting to an extreme. On the other hand, ashnath refers to one who eats, suggesting a need for regular nourishment. It’s encouraged to align fasting with one's daily activities, maintaining discipline while also ensuring the body’s needs are met.

Balancing Rest and Activity

A key message from the Gita is the balance between rest and action. It warns against both swapnsheelasya, or sleeping too much, and jaagrth, being awake excessively. This principle can be extended to fasting practices, which should be integrated thoughtfully into one's lifestyle to support a state of equilibrium. A successful approach to fasting will support both physical health and spiritual development, without veering towards either extreme.

Focusing on routines that align well with one's individual constitution and spiritual goals forms the essence of lifestyle considerations in the Bhagavad Gita.

Fasting and Spiritual Progress

Fasting is an ancient practice that holds weight in various spiritual traditions, including the teachings of the Bhagavad Gita. It is said that those who fast with a spiritual mindset and offer their food first in sacrifice, cleanse themselves of sin. The act of fasting is more than abstaining from food; it’s a means of purifying the mind and reinforcing one’s commitment to spiritual growth, or bhakti.

This self-denial aids in mastering control over the senses and mind, steps deemed essential in one's spiritual journey according to the teachings of the Gita. Fasting fosters discipline, an attribute that is intricately linked to spirituality. Individuals find that with discipline, they can better focus on their devotion and minimize distractions.

The emphasis here is not on the physical act itself, but rather on the intention behind it. By prioritizing the needs of the spirit over the body, one advances towards spiritual progress. It’s not just about curtailing the intake of food, but also about instilling a sense of control and sacrifice that extends to other aspects of life. Through fasting, devotees can develop qualities such as resolve and concentration, deepening their practice of bhakti.

In essence, the Bhagavad Gita underscores fasting as a tool for spiritual elevation, effectively drawing one closer to the divine. With each fasting practice, individuals aspire to cleanse not just the body, but also the mind, paving the way for a more profound spiritual connection.

Conclusion

In the Bhagavad Gita, fasting is portrayed as an act of austerity that can enhance one's spiritual practice. It is seen as a means to develop control over senses and discipline the mind, which are essential steps in advancing on the path of spirituality. By engaging in fasting, individuals can enter the mode of goodness (sattva-guna), a state conducive to gaining higher consciousness and spiritual insights.

The Gita suggests that through fasting, one becomes more introspective and attuned to spiritual activities. This is because fasting helps to minimize distractions caused by overindulgence and provides an opportunity to reflect on their personal journey towards self-realization.

Furthermore, fasting is advised not as an end in itself, but as a supporting practice to deepen one's connection with the divine. The emphasis is on the conscious intention behind fasting - it should foster humility, self-control, and an inner sense of purity. Through such practices, individuals can cultivate a life that reflects a balance between material duties and spiritual aspirations, ultimately leading to a more fulfilling and conscious existence.

End of content

No more pages to load